November Newsletter
- amwautd
- 2 days ago
- 20 min read
2025 Edition
“I notice that Autumn is more the season of the soul than of nature.” — Friedrich Nietzsche
The Editor's Take: Enjoy the fall!
Happy autumn, AMWA UTD!
My name is Gauri, and I wanted to start off by saying that I hope you enjoyed Halloween, however you may have celebrated it. This November, we continue to feature your favorite columns - Spotlight and Hot Button - while also continuing our exciting new column: Booked. This month, Amani will be helping us page through the life of Dr. Henry Marsh in his memoir Do No Harm.
Fall is my favorite season. The gorgeous color palette outside, the crunch of multicolored leaves as you drive through them, and the brisk, refreshing air make it so special. Fall has its upsides as well as its downsides. Since we’ve just switched to Daylight Saving Time, please take care of yourselves, especially if you’re prone to Seasonal Affective Disorder. Take your vitamin D supplements, get outside in the sun when you can (with sunscreen!), spend time with your loved ones, and embrace the season by picking pumpkins and getting into the holiday spirit.
This month’s quote is meaningful to me because it reminds us to always prioritize our souls and ourselves, now more than ever, so we don’t fall prey to SAD. Please take care of yourselves. I love all of you who are reading this newsletter.
This month, our committee of writers includes: Sasha Burford, Abhi Saravanan, Samhitha Palla, Sahaana Anand, and Amani Ahmed. Each of these writers has written an individual article about something close to their hearts as well as a column article - either paired or for Booked.
We warmly encourage all AMWA UTD members to submit their own pieces for potential inclusion in the newsletter. Whether it’s an article, reflection, or creative piece, your voice matters, and we would be proud to feature it. Please feel free to email me at gauri.guruprasad@utdallas.edu with your ideas, submissions, and/or answers to our monthly crossword puzzles!
P.S. If you filled out the crossword for last month's newsletter, continue to be on the lookout for an email I will send you soon about when and where to pick up your prize very shortly!
I hope you enjoy getting to know the issues that are near and dear to our writers' hearts. They all did fantastic jobs this month, with so many emotional, raw, and wildly informative articles.
Happy reading,
❤︎ Gauri ❤︎
Booked: Do No Harm
By: Amani Ahmed
No one intends to make mistakes, yet they inevitably happen. Most mistakes are brushed off with the good old “it’s okay,” but what about the mistakes that aren’t? What about mistakes that are too large to be passed under the rug, the ones too big to be simply forgotten, the ones that ultimately cost a life? These are the questions Henry Marsh grapples with in his memoir, Do No Harm, as he provides an unfiltered lens into his life as a neurosurgeon.
The billions of neurons that make up the brain are what allow us to make meaning of this world. It’s what allows us to harbor intense emotions, comprehend complex ideas, and communicate effortlessly with one another. Perhaps, that is precisely what fascinates neurosurgeons: being able to see for themselves the organ that holds such immense power. I imagine it is similar to how astronauts feel viewing Earth from outer space. At the same time, this is exactly what makes neurosurgery so stressful, as the slightest mistake can lead to catastrophic consequences. A mere slip of a finger or lapse in judgment can result in a patient's loss of vision, paralysis, and even death.
Rarely are surgeons left unscathed when an operation takes a turn for the worse. In his memoir, Marsh vividly recounts the many unfortunate events that have left a mark on him throughout his years of operating.
“The child, a very beautiful girl with long red hair, bled to death… And as I closed the dead child’s head I had to think about what to tell the waiting family” (Marsh 180).
Marsh portrays the regret that constantly follows him around and how not a day goes by without him thinking about the patients who will never be able to lead a normal life because of him. Although the fear of failure is omnipresent, Marsh acknowledges that fear should not deter one from pursuing challenging tasks. It is often the case that younger surgeons are faced with the moral dilemma of deciding whether to operate or refer their patient to a more experienced colleague. Marsh challenges this by asking,
“If they do not take on difficult cases, how will they ever get any better?” (Marsh 37).
Marsh’s memoir especially resonated with me as I reflect on the challenges I encountered while working at a neuroscience research lab for the first time this semester. I remember my first day stepping foot into the lab, feeling mesmerized by it all. Elaborate machinery was tucked into every corner; shelves upon shelves held meticulously labeled glass bottles and tubes. I watched with awe as I was taught to perform intricate tasks, from precision with a pipette to delicate handling of neurons during microscopic imaging.
I quickly learned, however, that watching someone do a task is entirely different than doing that same task yourself. During my time at the lab, I’ve dropped, spilled, and broken things more times than I'd like to admit. I tried to give myself some grace, but the stakes were high when I was working with live human neurons. Just as for Marsh, guilt followed me around as I tallied up the many mistakes I’ve made. I began to severely doubt my abilities and wondered if I was cut out for working in a lab, let alone a career in medicine.
I was able to derive solace, however, when reading about the echoes of doubt Marsh experienced throughout his years.
“Every day I will make several dozen decisions that, if they are wrong, can have terrible consequences. My patients desperately need to believe in me, and I need to believe in myself as well” (Marsh 157).
Making mistakes isn’t pretty, but it truly is the best way to learn. I’ve come to realize that in order to take on any new challenge, you’ve just got to put yourself out there and begin, make all the mistakes to be made, and most importantly, move forward. You cannot dwell on all of your past mistakes and let the fear of failure hold you back from progressing forward. Oftentimes, I find that after making an especially regrettable mistake, I’ll never make the same mistake again. In a way, mistakes are the necessary hurdle we must navigate through in order to ascend.
Despite the many harrowing experiences told, Marsh’s memoir only strengthened my resolve to pursue a career in medicine. The fear that Marsh so thoroughly depicts is one that is experienced by many in rather stressful situations and professions. Undoubtedly, it is quite difficult to rebound after failure, yet one must learn to do so in order to advance.
It would be unrealistic for me to hope for a smooth road ahead, but I do hope that I am able to endure through many more mistakes and meet that stronger, more resilient version of myself on the other side.
(Late) Halloween Special: A History of the Crow Mask
By: Abhi Saravanan
As the spooky season comes to a close and Thanksgiving festivities start to go underway, we can reminisce on the variety of costumes, classic and trendy, that we have seen people don during Halloween time. I myself decided to do a trio costume with my 2 close friends, where we each dressed up as representation of one of the aspects of the iconic childhood game, “Kiss Marry Kill.” One of the most iconic costumes that many people choose to wear, whether it's for parties or trick-or-treating, is the crow mask, with its goggles and long beak. While many people choose to wear this costume for its unsettling look, not a lot of people know the story behind the creation of it, dating all the way to the Middle Ages. What is the Crow Mask? More specifically, what is the history behind its bird-like shape?
To understand why people wore the Crow Masks, we need to take ourselves back in time and visualize ourselves in Europe, from 1347 to 1351, where one of the worst health crises of the modern era was underway. The Black Death, or the Bubonic Plague, was a pandemic that ravaged Europe during the Middle Ages; the toll that this had on the region was devastating, with an estimated 25 million people dead due to this Plague. This disease originated in China and Inner Asia as a result of trading through Mediterranean ports. Mongol ruler Janibeg, whose own army had fallen due to the disease, catapulted plague-infested corpses into towns in efforts to infect his enemies. Because of this, Genoese ships carried the plague with them, infecting many countries such as Italy, Spain, and France. A ship from Calais carried the plague to a city in Dorset, which eventually led to it reaching the rest of England, Scotland, Scandinavia, and the Baltic countries.
Modern research has suggested that recurrences of the plague have been introduced to Europe multiple times, coming along trade routes in waves from Central Asia; climate fluctuations that affected flea-infested rodents are thought to have caused the plague. Beyond the death toll, there were also many other devastating effects, from short term effects, such as wars and a slump on trade, to long term effects such as a reduction of land ready for cultivation.
Many established doctors fled their homes and private practices around the time of the Bubonic Plague, in fear of contracting it themselves; this lead to the government contracting either recent medical trainees or even people with no medical training at all, each assigned to a singular plague patient to keep them away from casual exposure to the disease. Thus, the plague doctors prepared for action. On par with the lack of experience of these doctors, many of their duties landed completely outside the realm of medicine, including recording the number of people infected from and people dead due to the Black Death, witnessing wills, performing autopsies, and keeping journals to help with the development of ways to prevent outbreaks or even a cure.
Not much was known about the Bubonic Plague, and the treatments used by plague doctors were largely unsuccessful. All of the treatments, ranging from draining of blood and fluids, to prescribing medicines inducing vomiting or urination, were usually chosen in an attempt to balance the Bodily Humours. The Bodily Humors, coming from the theories of Greek philosophers Aristotle, Hippocrates, and Galen, were the primary theory behind Middle Age medicine, saying that the human body was composed of 4 fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.
The iconic mask that plague doctors used was made of leather, and glass or crystal lenses were used to protect the eyes. The beak of the mask was filled with strong smelling herbs and flowers, or other substances like myrrh and sponges soaked with vinegar or camphor. Other parts of the costume include a long waxed coat and a wand or staff used to examine the patient rather than doing so with their hands.
The crow mask might seem like a simple Halloween costume, but it has an immense and tragic story attached to it. Next time you go out on Halloween night and you see someone with a crow mask, you’ll be able to know the unfortunate but engrossing history behind it
Rural Medicine: Fear on Both Sides
By: Sasha Burford and Samhitha Palla
The United States continues to face a healthcare staffing shortage, which worsened during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic due to burn outs and pay gaps. A blog post from the AAMC stated that by 2036, the United States is projected to face a shortage of up to 86,000 physicians, particularly affecting primary and specialist care. However, this number could increase due to increased physician burnout, low physician residency slot, and inefficient working conditions.
This burnout will affect rural areas the hardest. Physicians, who either grew up in cities, are a part of a minority, or both, often fear for their safety in small towns. In kind, small towns are often suspicious of a new doctor. They often claim that these doctors push leftist propaganda by asking them to wear masks or receive vaccinations. As such, it is difficult to treat patients until the physician is welcomed into the rural community — a task that can take years at the bare minimum. Take the case of Dr. Banu Symington, who is one of only five full-time oncologists in Wyoming. She is sadly subjected to small town scrutiny even after being a long standing member of the community. While Dr. Symington moved to Wyoming 30 years ago and gained the small town respect for physicians like her, it didn’t stop some of her patients from slinging insults at her. She faces numerous political attacks on science and medicine, which affects her relationship with patients. This leaves a responsibility on her end to continuously foster trust between patients. Increasing misinformation and conspiracy theories on vaccinations and health surrounding rural communities leads to significantly low physician recruitment – leaving physicians like Dr. Symington to take the brunt of it.
Historically, the United States relied on foreign-born doctors to fill these shortages. But, with recent budget cuts to medical and research funding as well as stricter immigration policies led by the Trump administration, fewer physicians can, or even want to, come to the United States. These changes are even more noticeable in rural communities due to the innate hostility to foreigners. In fact, these policies create more shortages to rural America internally, as less than 5% of doctors grew up in rural communities. Trends have shown that by educating aspiring doctors from rural communities, these shortages in equitable access to healthcare will decrease.
This implicit bias against foreign immigrants is revealed in the case of Dr. Jennifer Bacani McKenney. The family medicine practitioner was born and raised in Fredonia, Kansas. Her Filipino parents immigrated from Manila to the farming community in the 1970s as her father, a surgeon, was recruited to work there. Dr. McKenney said that her parents initially struggled to adapt to the rural community, however the community eventually embraced them. While Dr. McKenney grew up with acceptance and love, the COVID-19 pandemic revealed how her patients perceive outsiders. The spread of the virus across the United States led to a surge in Anti-Asian propaganda and racism. Because Dr. McKenney grew up in the small town where she is currently practicing, the local patients knew her since birth, thus accepting her as one of them. Furthermore, because her parents had integrated into the community prior to McKenney’s birth, the family was not regarded as foreigners and were viewed as fellow Americans. Although Dr. McKenney identifies herself as an Asian American, her patients continue to subject the racism to everyone except for her due to her protected status.
Practicing in rural communities is difficult for outsiders, thus bringing the need to educate aspiring doctors from small towns. These aspirants understand how to communicate with small town patients and navigate the inner workings of a rural community. While the hostility to modern medicine continues to grow, especially due to the anti-vaccine campaign led by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the current Health and Human Services secretary, physicians continue to provide the best care possible. However, with the decreasing number of physicians and increasing small town hostility towards outsiders, the goal of providing the best patient care is becoming difficult to continue. The growing physician burnout, bias against foreign doctors or doctors not from the small town they practice in, and the increasing scrutiny against modern medicine, physicians are having a difficult time connecting with their patients. By encouraging rural students to become physicians and practice in their town, the connection between a physician and their patients may start to strengthen.
Neuroplasticity in Medicine
By: Sahaana Anand
The body's ability to heal has long been the focus of medicine, but neuroplasticity, or the brain's potential to change, shows that experience can rewire the mind itself. From stroke rehabilitation to psychotherapy, this idea has revolutionized modern medicine by demonstrating how fundamentally biological learning and adaptation are. In addition to its clinical uses, neuroplasticity offers a scientific basis for empathy and emotional intelligence in medical care. Compassion is not just a quality; it is a learned skill. If the brain can remodel its connections to restore movement or speech, it can also enhance the neural circuits that enable doctors to connect, comprehend, and care more deeply.
Neuroplasticity describes the brain’s ability to recognize and reorganize the neural networks through learning, memory, and repeated experiences. Going through this process allows new neurons to form and create connections with each other as well as strengthen the connections between each other, which in turn allows the brain to recognize new inputs through long-term learning. In a clinical aspect, this phenomenon is most visible in rehabilitation programs such as patients who need to re-learn motor skills after a stroke or spinal injuries. This repetition in their actions allows patients to build their skills. Psychotherapy and mindfulness also harness a lot of neuroplasticity by allowing people to reshape the way they think and how they respond to situations. These are examples that illustrate how the flexibility of the brain can allow for adaptation and personal growth.
In another aspect, the act of neuroplasticity also has a significant impact on developing emotional intelligence and empathy in the healthcare field. Neural connections in the limbic system and prefrontal cortex are responsible for emotional intelligence, which is the capacity to identify, comprehend, and control emotions in both oneself and others. In a similar way to honing a clinical skill, medical practitioners can develop these circuits through communication training, mindfulness, and introspection. Additionally, empathy stimulates brain areas linked to emotional processing, and over time, repeated acts of compassion can strengthen these connections. This indicates that empathy can be taught, practiced, and neurologically reinforced; it is not only innate. Medical professionals who receive training that integrates emotional intelligence with technical proficiency are trained to manage patients' illnesses while also comprehending the human experience that underlies them.
In the end, neuroplasticity demonstrates that, like any medical skill, empathy and compassion can be developed and reinforced. Accepting the brain's flexibility will help medicine get closer to a paradigm that prioritizes accuracy and compassion. In addition to improving bedside manners, balancing science and emotional connection promotes recovery. The full potential of neuroplasticity- the ability to adapt, learn, and show greater compassion is embodied by healthcare professionals who foster both their intelligence and empathy.
Finding Balance Within
By: Samhitha Palla
On October 6, the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute announced that this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine goes to scientists Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi. They discovered how immune tolerance prevents the immune system from attacking the body. This discovery lays the foundation for improved treatments for autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes. Their research provides valuable insight on how we can regulate our immune systems while fighting microbes and resisting the prevalence of autoimmune disease.
To start at the beginning, from the moment that a human is born, the immune system learns the differences between invaders and the body’s own tissues. The immune system uses T cells, which are created in the bone marrow and travel to the thymus. During this period. Any rogue T cells that recognize the self proteins are discarded. In the 1980s, scientists believed that this action, which is called the central immune tolerance, was the only way for the immune system to not attack the body. However, the removal of harmful T cells is not perfect. Cells can escape into our bodies and self react to our organs and tissues.
In 1995, Dr. Sakaguchi realized that there could be another mechanism. He worked with mice to understand the development of T cells in early life by removing the thymus days after birth. They hypothesize that the lack of thymus would significantly decrease the number of T cells, thus resulting in a weakened immune system. However, the mice without a thymus developed a plethora of autoimmune disorders. When Dr. Sakaguchi injected T cells from other mice into the thymus-less mice, he realized that the newly injected cells protected the mice from autoimmune disorders and expressed the CD25 antigen, thus leading to Dr. Sakaguchi naming them regulatory T-cells.
However, this was only a piece of the puzzle—a puzzle that was solved by the research of Dr. Brunkow and Dr. Ramsdell. In 2001, both scientists worked for a company that developed medications for autoimmune disorders called Celltech Chiroscience. During their time there, they encountered a mutant mouse that had an overactive immune system, which led to its death weeks after birth. During the dissection, the scientists realized that the genome contained mutation in the Foxp3 gene. Dr. Brunkow and Dr. Ramsdell presented that such mutations in humans caused immune dysregulation and IPEX syndrome, a genetic disorder with severe early-onset autoimmunity. The later research of Dr. Sakaguchi showed that the Foxp3 gene is crucial for the development of regulatory T cells. These cells modify the other T cells, thus regulating the appropriate reactions of the immune system. Researchers believe that future research in this topic will allow for the manipulation of regulatory T cells to tackle different diseases in the body. In the long run, this research will allow for improved treatments of autoimmune disorders and improves the viability of transplanted organs as reducing them could help the treatment of cancers that use T cells as a shield from the immune system.
The decades of research becomes a breakthrough on how autoimmune diseases can be treated. By understanding the role of regulatory T cells, individuals suffering from autoimmune disorders and cancers will have more openings to new treatments, thus improving their quality of life.
The Mythical Biological Clock
By: Sasha Burford
Tick, tock. Tick, tock. Can you hear that? As the sound of the hands of the clock continue to rap, women face an impossible decision as they foray into adulthood. We have long heard of the “biological clock” that women are on. The term refers to the reproductive aging women experience and the decline in fertility the older they get. This idea places undue pressure on women to make the decision to have children early on or risk the chance of not being able to have any. Even though strides have been made for women to have more agency over their choices, careers, and life plans, society’s doctrine bucks up against their autonomy by perpetuating the value of fertility. Society uses research to reinforce this idea, disproportionately citing the risks of “geriatric pregnancies” resulting in miscarriages and birth defects. However, new research has pointed to male sperm carrying risks through aging which can affect fetal development. With this new understanding, we can begin to dismantle the idea of the biological clock and leave women free to make their own choices about their bodies.
The term originated in 1978 in a Washington Post article by Richard Cohen, which framed the dilemma of a modern woman tasked with balancing her career aspirations and starting a family. It became widely popularized and is still in use today. It’s important to note that during the time the term first appeared, many feminist social advances were happening concurrently. Second wave feminism encompassed Roe v. Wade passing in the Supreme Court, thus legalizing abortion in 1973. The birth control pill had become accessible to the public, and equal access to education was fought and won. But just as a pendulum swings back and forth, the idea of the biological clock was born and swung against this progress. The metaphor itself has an underlying sinister tone, predicating on the human fear of running out of time. This fear combined with the long-standing value placed on youthfulness creates a harmful sentiment that can lead women to make life-altering decisions from an unhealthy place. However, the effects of aging are not exclusive to women’s reproductive health as new research findings suggest that sperm DNA mutations increase over time, negatively impacting the health of the cell. So, if we want to talk about a biological clock, let’s dive in.
Recent developments have been made to understand the effect of aging on genetic mutations in male reproductive cells. In a 2025 study conducted by the Wellcome Sanger Institute, researchers investigated DNA mutations in the sperm genome across a variety of ages (24-75 years old). The precise DNA sequencing technique NanoSeq1 allowed researchers to accurately and effectively identify mutations in the genome. The researchers found that even by age 30, ~2% of the men’s sperm had disease-causing mutations in their DNA. This level rose with age indicating a direct relationship between age and genetic mutations. With 13 genes being previously identified with genetic mutations, the researcher found 27 additional genes subject to mutation illustrating that these genetic changes are on a larger scale. The lasting impact of this study shows that men, the same as women, experience reproductive health changes as they age. Yet, men face much less pressure from society and procreate well into advanced age. The “biological clock” is a female-oriented idea and places the burden on women to make the decision to have children. How is it fair for women to face this pressure alone when men are just as vulnerable to aging effects?
The point is, the concept of the “biological clock” should not even exist. The decision to have children should rest solely with the person carrying it – and they should be able to make it without the whispers of societal expectations in their ear. The aforementioned research study is just the tip of the iceberg. Much more extensive research needs to be done to understand the effects of sperm DNA mutations on fertility. As a result, people can make educated decisions about when they want to have children from a strictly objective biological standpoint if they choose to. Thus, effectively combatting the traditional view of the “biological clock”. Take the time to educate yourself about age and pregnancy when the time is right for you. Because the only timeline that matters is the one you are living, and feel empowered to reject any notion that tells you something different.
The Lady With the Lamp: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
By: Abhi Saravanan and Sahaana Anand
Whenever people think of healthcare, the first profession that typically comes to their mind is a doctor. However, there is a large variety of positions in the industry, each with their own difficulties and contributions to the large web that is the healthcare field. One of the most vital occupations in healthcare is nursing, prioritizing direct care and comfort for patients. For this edition’s spotlight, we wanted to focus on a woman whose contributions to the field of nursing helped shape the importance of the industry in the modern day.
Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) was born in Italy to British parents while they were traveling, and she was named after the city of her birth. She lived a comfortable lifestyle growing up, and her father put a lot of care into her education, making her proficient in history, philosophy, and literature. Nightingale, at the age of 16, viewed that her calling would be to reduce human suffering, and she decided that nursing would be an effective path to carry this duty of hers out. However, she faced a great amount of opposition to pursue nursing from her family, as they thought that nursing was not a job well suited for someone of her status. However, she was persistent, and despite her family’s reservations, she studied at the Protestant Deaconesses at Kaiserwerth in Germany for two weeks in 1850 and again for three months in 1851, where she learned basic nursing skills, along with the importance of patient observation and hospital organization.
Nightingale was also widely known for her work during the Crimean War, which lasted between 1953-1956. Her skills and confidence were tested when she was recruited by the British Secretary of War, Sidney Herebert as a leader. She was expected to lead about 38 nurses to the Barrack Hospital in Istanbul, but it was entirely a mind-altering situation. The hospital was full of crowds, unsanitary conditions, and had a complete lack of proper medical supplies. Nightingale started to create a change in this setting by applying sanitary reforms, improved ventilation system, proper waste disposal, and emphasized importance of cleanliness and nutrition for patients. Due to her work and education, statistics show a significant improvement in the mortality rates of the hospital.
In the end of these endeavors, Nightingale made sure that her prominence in the industry was put to good use by continuing to educate and advocating for reform in the medical field. The importance of sanitation and the downfall that hospitals can cause to patients was highlighted primarily through her work, thus putting forth the beginning of legacy. She also presented these facts and statistics to the British Parliament. Her work continued to spark further inspiration and allowed her to pioneer the standards that are followed for nursing education. It specifically started in the Nightingale Training School at St. Thomas Hospital in London. Given her impact in the nursing society with evidence-based improvement in health outcomes and sanitation, her teachings have been a long standing reminder that the emphasis on medical expertise and change can improve the quality of care for all the futures to come.
Sources
(Late) Halloween Special: A History of the Crow Mask
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Rural Medicine: Fear on Both Sides
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Finding Balance Within
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The Mythical Biological Clock
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The Lady With the Lamp: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
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