2025 Edition

“The most common way people give up their power is by thinking they don't have any.”

Alice Walker

The Editor’s Take: DEI in Healthcare

Hello AMWA UTD! I am excited for you all to read your writers’ latest articles! This month, we bring you articles on the US healthcare system, anorexia nervosa, and the impact of diet and exercise on Women’s Health. We also present to you a Hot Button article exploring the glass ceiling for women in leadership and a new edition of the Sex Talk You Never Had about pain and disparities in birth control.

As many of us have undoubtedly seen by now, the Trump administration has wasted no time in their efforts to eliminate DEI. Within his first two days in office, he signed executive orders (EOs) entitled “'Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and Preferencing” and “Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity”, effectively eliminating DEI within the federal government and unwinding decades of progress. While a federal judge recently blocked most of these measures, the impacts will still be detrimental to the advancement of social equity.

The anti-DEI sentiment endorsed by the President and many Republican Members of Congress enables others. The EOs only have power within the federal government, yet several corporations like Target have already begun rolling back their own DEI initiatives. Additionally, the CDC has had to remove or edit references to “transgender people, gender identity, and equity” from their website, and entire databases used internationally by researchers have been removed according to leaked memos.

Why is this such a big deal? DEI is designed to redress the centuries of harm and injustice that continue to permeate through US society as a result of slavery, patriarchy, racism, homophobia, etc. It is an acknowledgement of the fact that structural racism and other forms of discrimination place individuals at an unfair disadvantage, and aims to close the gaps that exist. Diversity enriches our learning experiences and the workplace.

In medicine, DEI can mean life or death. The perpetuation of stereotypes and misconceptions among health providers such as Black patients having thicker skin and feeling less pain can directly lead to biased medical care and adverse health outcomes. Medical textbooks also underrepresent darker skin tones in their diagrams, especially with regards to skin conditions, which contributes to underdiagnosis of conditions like skin cancer among Black or Brown patients. However darker skin tones are overrepresented in relation to STDs, perpetuating harmful stereotypes. As future medical professionals, it is critical that we practice cultural humility and actively work to create a diverse and inclusive environment.

As always, if you would like to submit your own piece of writing, have ideas, or questions, email me at Zoe.Du@utdallas.edu

-Zoe

A Deep Dive into Anorexia Nervosa

By: Gauri Guruprasad

TW: This essay discusses anorexia nervosa, including its physical and psychological effects, which may be distressing to some readers. Reader discretion is advised.

Recent media coverage has often speculated about the possibility of a certain celebrity's relapse into anorexia nervosa. However, no matter how much we may criticize or have negative feelings about someone in the public eye, speculating about an eating disorder is never okay. Anorexia nervosa is a devastating eating disorder characterized by extreme food restriction, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image. While typical medical literature documents its physical and psychological consequences, firsthand accounts from those who suffer from it provide an even deeper understanding of its gruesome effects. While medical literature often frames the disorder as being rooted in body dissatisfaction, it sometimes overlooks cases where anorexia arises simply from prolonged under-eating, with no initial intention of weight loss. Some individuals report that their disorder began not from a conscious effort to become thinner but from external circumstances—such as stress, illness, or lifestyle changes—that led to an unintentional decrease in food intake, eventually developing into a full-blown restrictive pattern. Other individuals describe how what begins as a simple desire to lose weight and count calories spirals into an all-consuming obsession, fueled by extreme internal anxieties and external pressures regarding food and appearance. Social media, particularly platforms like Twitter and Reddit, has played a significant role in exacerbating the disorder, with many recounting how exposure to pro-anorexia content reinforced harmful behaviors and unrealistic body standards.

The disorder often intertwines with underlying mental health issues, making recovery incredibly complex. Historically, anorexia nervosa has been documented for centuries, with medical descriptions dating back to the 17th century. However, it was not formally recognized as a psychiatric disorder until the late 19th century, when physician Sir William Gull coined the term "anorexia nervosa" and linked it to psychological factors rather than purely physical causes. Over time, cultural, social, and psychological influences have shaped the disorder, making it a deeply multifaceted condition that extends far beyond mere vanity or societal beauty standards.

One of the more overlooked yet severe consequences of anorexia is the deterioration of the pelvic floor muscles, which can lead to urinary and fecal incontinence. The extreme malnutrition associated with the disorder results in the body breaking down muscle tissue for energy, and the pelvic floor is no exception. Many individuals report sudden loss of bladder and bowel control, an embarrassing and distressing reality that is rarely discussed. Beyond this, the disorder leads to widespread muscle atrophy, causing profound weakness and fatigue. Everyday tasks such as standing for long periods, lifting objects, or even walking up stairs become insurmountable challenges. The main issue about this muscular atrophy is the eventual deterioration of the heart muscles, which is the main cause of death for those who have died from this illness. This state of chronic physical depletion only reinforces the cycle of restriction, as many individuals struggle to find the energy to engage in recovery-focused behaviors.

A nearly universal experience among those with anorexia is a persistent, deep-rooted cold that no amount of warmth can seem to alleviate. Described by some as a "chill in the bones," this sensation is caused by severe fat loss, poor circulation, and a slowed metabolism. Sufferers often find themselves layering clothes even in warm weather, wearing gloves indoors, or constantly seeking out heat sources. This unrelenting cold serves as a constant reminder of the body’s fragility, yet paradoxically, it can also be perceived as a sign of success—evidence that the weight loss is "working," when really the disorder is eating at every single aspect of a person’s being. The same mindset drives the insatiable need for weight loss, where each goal weight, once achieved, only gives way to a lower, more extreme target. No matter how thin one becomes, the mirror reflects an image of inadequacy, trapping individuals in an endless pursuit of an impossible standard. Yes, the standard is impossible.

Beyond the physical suffering, anorexia has a profound impact on relationships and social well-being. Many describe feelings of isolation, as normal social activities—like eating out with friends or attending family gatherings—become sources of immense anxiety. Some recount the financial strain placed on loved ones, as they demand expensive, low-calorie "safe foods" while avoiding everything else. Parents and partners express frustration and heartbreak, watching helplessly as the disorder takes over their loved one’s life. Yet for those in the depths of anorexia, this isolation often feels preferable to the alternative—recovery, which means relinquishing control and confronting the fears that fuel the disorder.

Anorexia nervosa is far more than an issue of food or weight; it is an all-consuming mental illness that devastates both the body and the mind. The experiences shared by those who suffer from it highlight the lesser-known yet equally harrowing consequences, from pelvic floor dysfunction to relentless cold and muscle wasting. Even as the disorder destroys their health and relationships, many struggle to break free from its grip, trapped in a mindset where thinness is never enough. Understanding these realities is crucial in providing effective support and challenging the narratives that continue to fuel the cycle of disordered eating.

The Impact of Diet and Exercise on Women’s Health

By: Sahasra Guvvala

A balanced diet and regular exercise are essential pillars of women’s health, influencing everything from heart health to mental well-being. Research shows that proper nutrition and consistent physical activity not only help prevent chronic diseases but also enhance overall quality of life. While many health trends come and go, the fundamental benefits of a well-rounded diet and an active lifestyle remain constant.

What women eat plays a critical role in their overall health and longevity. A diet rich in essential nutrients helps support reproductive health, improve mood, and boost energy levels. According to Axia Women’s Health, consuming a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats can reduce the risk of conditions such as osteoporosis and heart disease (Axia Women’s Health). Omega-3 fatty acids, found in foods like salmon and walnuts, are particularly beneficial for hormone regulation and brain function. Additionally, calcium and vitamin D are crucial in maintaining strong bones and preventing osteoporosis, a condition that disproportionately affects women as they age.

Regular physical activity is another key factor in promoting women’s health. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), engaging in consistent exercise, including strength training and cardiovascular activities, can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and even cognitive decline (NIH). Women who participate in strength training have been shown to have a lower risk of cardiovascular-related deaths. Moreover, exercise is known to improve mental health by reducing stress, anxiety, and symptoms of depression. Even moderate activity, such as brisk walking or yoga, can make a significant difference in maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

A nutritious diet and regular exercise create a powerful synergy that enhances women’s overall well-being. Together, they help maintain a healthy weight, support hormonal balance, and improve energy levels. Small lifestyle changes, such as incorporating more whole foods into daily meals and engaging in at least 30 minutes of physical activity daily, can lead to long-term health benefits. Women can take proactive steps toward a healthier future by prioritizing diet and exercise. Investing in these habits today can help prevent illness, boost vitality, and promote a higher quality of life for years to come.

The US Healthcare System

By: Sahaana Anand

The healthcare system in the United States is a sophisticated and innovative system. The US is a global leader in specialized treatment thanks to its top-notch medical research, cutting-edge technology, and highly skilled staff. Significant advantages include access to state-of-the-art procedures and advancements in the treatment of ailments like cancer and heart issues. The quality of care is outstanding for people who have enough insurance or money.

If you look into it further though, the US healthcare system is far from ideal. Many Americans lack insurance or have inadequate coverage due to the high expense of healthcare, which is still a significant problem. Disparities in access and administrative red tape mean that vulnerable people frequently encounter major obstacles to care. Even though there have been improvements, preventive care and mental health services are still not given enough priority, which leads to stress-related disorders and chronic illnesses. Millions of people struggle to pay for or get the care they require as a result of these gaps, but there are various avenues one can help and make contributions to bridge these gaps.

When it comes to tackling these issues, individuals can have an impact. Change can be sparked by supporting laws that increase access to reasonably priced healthcare, such as universal coverage or reduced prescription medication rates. Other effective ways to help include volunteering, contributing to organizations that care for underprivileged populations, and supporting community health initiatives. The strain on the system can also be lessened by promoting healthy lifestyles and increasing knowledge about preventative care in local communities.

Although change requires teamwork, little actions can have a big impact. After all, the essence of teamwork is crucial to any body of work in order to have the highest order of impact. More individuals will be able to demand reforms if we and others are informed on the complexity of healthcare. We can strive for a system that genuinely works for everyone if we band together, support projects that advance accessibility, and advocate for equity.

Hot Button:

The Ongoing Struggle for Women in Leadership

By: Sahasra Guvvala and Sahaana Anand

Despite progress in gender equality, women continue to be significantly underrepresented in leadership. From corporate boardrooms to political offices, the number of women in top decision-making roles lags behind their male counterparts. A recent McKinsey & Company report highlights the persistent underrepresentation of women in leadership roles, revealing that progress has been slow and uneven. While more women enter the workforce, their advancement into senior positions remains continuously low. The report shows that women continue to face barriers at every stage of career progression, particularly at the “broken rung” between entry-level and management roles. This stalled momentum results in fewer women reaching higher-level positions, where they remain significantly outnumbered by men. Additionally, the report emphasizes that women of color face even more significant challenges, experiencing lower promotion rates and higher rates of burnout due to workplace biases and a lack of support systems. Without targeted efforts to address these disparities, such as mentorship programs, equitable promotion structures, and inclusive workplace policies, women’s representation at the highest leadership levels will continue to remain stagnant.

In addition, according to the Academy of Women’s Leadership, statistical research as of 2023 states that women only account for 32.9% of senior leadership roles worldwide in the workforce. Furthermore, in the STEM field, there is only about 29.2% of women who are in leadership within that field. Though it can be said that there is improvement, looking at the statistics at where women stand as far as leadership and higher positions of organizations and institutions goes to show the amount of work that still needs to be done in order for there to be equality in the opinions and representation of society. STEM fields in specific are notorious for disproportionately having more successful males in positions of power, while women who put in the same, if not more, amount of effort are not given the same roles in leadership nor dignity and respect. This gap isn’t just a matter of representation; it affects innovation, workplace culture, and economic growth. Studies have shown that diverse leadership teams drive better outcomes, yet the path to leadership for women remains full of obstacles.

Rather than feeling discouraged by these statistics and facts about women in leadership, however, we should look at this to gauge how much we as women can keep working to encourage other women to pursue leadership roles. How exactly do we go about that? Putting our best foot forward, despite the environmental factors of fields that are otherwise known to be male-dominated, is the core of how to keep pursuing leadership roles. Leading with confidence, dignity, open communication, and not comparing your progress to others in a demeaning way, are all ways to seek progress in any given sector, and eventually attain leadership roles. Despite the likelihood of facing hostility and undermining their abilities, women continue to take huge strides in their progress to higher roles, and every one of them pushes these statistics to equality.

TSTYNH:

Birth Control Shouldn’t Hurt - The Truth about IUDs and Beyond

By: Gauri Guruprasad and Shannon-Renee Odoi

The conversation about birth control often centers on access and effectiveness. While these measures are some of the most important measures to be known, for many women, the experience of birth control - particularly getting intrauterine devices (IUDs) - comes with an unspoken and unnecessary pain. IUD insertions, often performed without anesthetics, can be excruciating, leaving countless women feeling dismissed and invalidated by the medical community. While modern medicine has made incredible strides, it is difficult to ignore the glaring disparity in how women’s pain is managed, especially when compared to the medical approach toward men’s health and comfort.

The disparity is not just in pain management but also in contraceptive methods. Women have access to a multitude of options, reminiscent of the millions of options in old Sears catalogs - the daily commitment of the pill, the emergency run to CVS for the morning-after pill, the intensely invasive process of getting an IUD inserted, a shot, a patch, an implant, NuvaRing, and on and on. There are so many options that it’s almost exhausting to list them all. All of these options come with a host of side effects, including hormonal changes, mood swings, weight fluctuations, and, in some cases, significant pain. Meanwhile, a viable male contraceptive remains elusive, placing the burden of pregnancy prevention squarely on women’s shoulders. Men have the comparatively simple responsibility of wearing a condom—and yet, even that often feels like too much to ask. Furthermore, even when women choose more permanent solutions - such as a hysterectomy - they often face roadblocks. Many doctors refuse to perform the procedure unless the patient meets stringent criteria, such as having five or more children or specific health issues, including endometriosis, perpetuating a further lack of bodily autonomy.

In addition to the physical pain and medical disparities, the societal perception of birth control further exacerbates the burden placed on women. There remains a persistent stigma surrounding women who take control of their reproductive health. Women who seek birth control are often met with judgment, whether from medical professionals who question their decisions or from societal narratives that paint them as reckless or irresponsible. This added layer of scrutiny creates unnecessary stress, forcing women to navigate both the physical discomfort of birth control and the emotional toll of societal expectations. The normalization of pain and inconvenience in women’s healthcare is not just an oversight—it is a reflection of a deeply ingrained systemic issue that prioritizes convenience for men over autonomy for women.

The discussion surrounding birth control must expand beyond just access and effectiveness to include the fundamental issue of respect for women’s health and bodily autonomy. Women should not have to endure excruciating procedures without pain management, nor should they be solely responsible for contraception while facing stigma and judgment. A more balanced, compassionate, and equitable approach to reproductive healthcare is long overdue. Addressing these disparities means advocating for better pain management, investing in male contraceptive research, and challenging the cultural narratives that continue to place the burden of birth control solely on women. Only then can we create a system that truly respects and prioritizes reproductive health for all.

Sources

DEI in Healthcare

Hoffman, K. M., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R., & Oliver, M. N. (2016). Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(16), 4296–4301. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516047113

Louie, P., & Wilkes, R. (2018). Representations of race and skin tone in medical textbook imagery. Social Science & Medicine , 202, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.02.023

Schneid, R. (2025, February 22). U.S. companies scaling back Dei, diversity amid Trump orders. Time. https://time.com/7260689/us-companies-scaling-back-dei-efforts-trump-targets-initiatives/

Sun, L. H., Keating, D., & Nirappil, F. (2025, February 1). CDC removing gender and LGBTQ+ community references from its website . The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2025/01/31/cdc-website-gender-lgbtq-data/

A Deep Dive into Anorexia Nervosa

The Impact of Diet and Exercise on Women’s Health

The US Healthcare System

The Ongoing Struggle for Women in Leadership

Birth Control Shouldn't Hurt: The Truth About IUDs and Beyond

February Newsletter